Policy Analysis of Age Restrictions on Social Media Use for Children as a Social Protection Measure

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of age-restriction policies on children's social media use as a component of social protection strategies, amid escalating digital risks that are not yet sufficiently addressed by national regulations. Employing a qualitative case study design, the research facilitates an in-depth exploration of policy practices, interpretations, and implementation dynamics at both familial and social worker levels. The study was conducted in Jakarta, a region characterized by intensive digital engagement and complex social interactions. Ten informants, comprising six parents and four social workers, were purposively selected to capture diverse perspectives on children's digital behaviors and protective mechanisms. Findings reveal that age-restriction policies remain largely ineffective due to weak inter-agency coordination, low parental digital literacy, and the absence of adaptive monitoring instruments. These shortcomings contribute to increased psychosocial risks, including exposure to harmful content and potential online bullying. The study recommends regulatory reinforcement, enhancement of family digital literacy, and evidence-based integration of social protection policies to strengthen sustainable digital resilience for children.