Policy Implementation Challenges in Environmental Governance at the Regional Level

Abstract

This study aims to analyze policy implementation challenges in environmental governance at the regional level by examining institutional capacity, governance networks, and implementation practices. A qualitative approach with a case study design was employed to capture the complexity and contextual dynamics of policy execution, as this design enables an in-depth exploration of real-world governance processes. The research was conducted in East Java Province, Indonesia, a region characterized by significant environmental pressures and decentralized governance structures. Data were collected from twelve purposively selected informants, including government officials, civil society representatives, and private sector actors, chosen for their direct involvement and expertise in environmental policy implementation. The findings reveal that implementation gaps are driven by limited institutional capacity, fragmented stakeholder coordination, and discretionary practices of street-level bureaucrats. These factors collectively hinder consistent enforcement and reduce policy effectiveness. The study recommends strengthening institutional frameworks, enhancing collaborative governance mechanisms, and improving accountability systems to support more effective environmental policy implementation at the regional level.