Halal Value Chain Governance: Strengthening Ethical Supply Networks in the Global Halal Economy

Abstract

This study aims to develop an integrative framework for halal value chain governance to strengthen ethical supply networks within the global halal economy. Employing a qualitative approach, the research adopts a multiple case study design to enable an in-depth and contextualized exploration of governance practices across different institutional settings. This design is selected due to its capacity to capture complex interactions among stakeholders, regulatory systems, and operational processes in real-world environments. The study is conducted in three strategic locations, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, and the United Arab Emirates, representing diverse models of halal governance and varying levels of regulatory maturity. Data are collected from fifteen purposively selected informants, including government officials, certification authorities, industry practitioners, and academic experts, chosen for their direct involvement and expertise in halal value chain management. The findings reveal that governance remains fragmented, with challenges in stakeholder coordination, limited supply chain integration, and inconsistent implementation of Islamic ethical principles. These issues weaken transparency, traceability, and overall trust in halal systems. The study recommends strengthening international standard harmonization, enhancing digital traceability mechanisms, and embedding ethical values into governance structures to ensure sustainable and credible development of the global halal economy.