The Development of Inclusive Islamic Thought in the Muhammadiyah Tradition, An Analysis of the Concepts of Tajdid and Religious Moderation

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the development of inclusive Islamic thought within the Muhammadiyah tradition through an examination of the concepts of tajdid and religious moderation, both of which play an essential role in fostering a form of religiosity that is compassionate, humanistic, and responsive to social change. The research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical design, as this approach is suitable for exploring meanings, experiences, and interpretations of key figures related to the dynamics of Islamic thought that cannot be explained through quantitative methods. The research was conducted in Yogyakarta, a central intellectual hub and historical locus of Muhammadiyah’s development. Four informants were selected purposively due to their extensive knowledge, organizational experience, and direct involvement in advancing the ideas of tajdid and religious moderation. The findings reveal that Muhammadiyah has successfully integrated universal human values into the practice of religious moderation, although gaps remain between the normative concept and its implementation at the community level. The study recommends strengthening value-based education, developing more inclusive da‘wah strategies, and improving moderation literacy among younger generations to ensure that progressive Islamic thought can be implemented more optimally in social life.