Youth Political Participation in the Digital Era: The Role of Social Media in Shaping Civic Engagement

Abstract

This study examines youth political participation in the digital era by analyzing the role of social media in shaping civic engagement. The research aims to explore how digital platforms influence participation patterns, motivations, and the relationship between online and offline civic activities. A qualitative approach with a case study design is employed, as it enables an in-depth and contextualized understanding of youth experiences and interpretations within real-life settings. The study is conducted in Surabaya, Indonesia, selected due to its high level of digital connectivity and active youth communities. Data are collected through in-depth interviews with fifteen informants, including students, activists, and content creators, who are purposively selected based on their active engagement in digital political practices. The findings reveal that social media lowers barriers to participation, facilitates interactive political discourse, and supports identity formation, while also presenting challenges such as misinformation and superficial engagement. Furthermore, the study finds that online participation can encourage offline civic action, although the extent varies among individuals. Based on these findings, the study recommends strengthening digital literacy, promoting critical engagement, and fostering inclusive online environments to enhance meaningful youth participation.