The Reform of Electronic Contract Regulations in Indonesia: Strengthening Legal Certainty in Digital Transactions

Abstract

This research examines the reform of electronic contract regulations in Indonesia in relation to strengthening legal certainty within digital transactions amid the rapid expansion of electronic commerce and technology-based contractual relationships. The study aims to analyze the weaknesses of existing electronic contract regulations, identify institutional and juridical challenges affecting their implementation, and formulate a comprehensive legal reform framework capable of enhancing legal certainty in digital transactions. The research employs a qualitative method using a normative juridical and socio-legal research design because the study focuses on legal interpretation, regulatory harmonization, and institutional practices within electronic transaction governance. The research was conducted in Jakarta, Bandung, and Yogyakarta as representative centers of regulatory institutions, digital business development, and academic discourse concerning cyber law. The study involved eight key informants consisting of legal scholars, government officials, digital business practitioners, and cyber law experts selected purposively due to their expertise and institutional relevance. The findings reveal that fragmented regulations, inconsistent legal interpretation, weak institutional coordination, and inadequate adaptation to technological innovation continue to undermine legal certainty in electronic transactions. The study recommends comprehensive regulatory harmonization, institutional modernization, judicial capacity enhancement, and adaptive cyber governance to strengthen electronic contract regulation in Indonesia’s digital economy.