The Role of Restorative Justice in Reforming the Indonesian Criminal Justice System

Abstract

This study examines the role of restorative justice in reforming the Indonesian criminal justice system, with the primary objective of analyzing its effectiveness, challenges, and potential for systemic integration. The research employs a qualitative method with a socio-legal research design, chosen to capture both normative legal frameworks and empirical realities within institutional practices. This design is considered appropriate as restorative justice operates at the intersection of law, society, and legal culture. The study was conducted in Surabaya and Jakarta, representing regional and national legal dynamics, with ten key informants selected purposively based on their expertise and direct involvement in restorative justice implementation, including law enforcement officials, legal practitioners, and policymakers. The findings reveal that restorative justice has contributed to enhancing victim participation, offender accountability, and procedural efficiency; however, its application remains inconsistent due to structural limitations, lack of standardized mechanisms, and a persistent retributive legal culture. The study recommends strengthening institutional coordination, developing uniform guidelines, and enhancing legal culture transformation to ensure sustainable implementation of restorative justice as a core component of criminal justice reform in Indonesia.