Gender and Political Representation: Women’s Leadership in Indonesia’s Local Parliaments

Abstract

This study, titled “Gender and Political Representation: Women’s Leadership in Indonesia’s Local Parliaments”, addresses the persistent underrepresentation of women in regional political institutions in Indonesia, despite the presence of affirmative policies designed to enhance female political participation. The research examines how structural barriers, entrenched patriarchal norms, and gendered party dynamics shape both the opportunities and challenges faced by women in local parliaments. Adopting a qualitative methodology, the study collected data through in-depth interviews with 35 informants, supplemented by direct observation of parliamentary proceedings in selected districts in Indonesia, as well as document analysis of archives, local regulations, and media reports. The selection of 35 informants was guided by the principle of achieving sufficient depth and diversity of perspectives on women’s political experiences. Findings reveal that women parliamentarians tend to employ collaborative and empathetic leadership approaches, yet their influence is often constrained by hierarchical and male-dominated political cultures. The study contributes to political science by highlighting gender as a critical analytical lens for understanding representation and power. Recommendations include enhancing women’s political skills, reforming party practices, and transforming societal perceptions of leadership.